India’s national tuberculosis- control program provides care, di-agnosis, and treatment on a huge scale 3,5 — offering an example that the National AIDS Control Program may be able to learn from as it ex-pands. Of course, HIV treatment is often more complex and expensive than tuberculosis treatment and must continue indefinitely. When patients with HIV infection are treated at the same facility as those with tuberculosis, effective infec-tion-control measures are essential, given the high risk of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis. When caring for coinfected patients, phy-sicians must consider many clinical issues, such as those related to the prevention of disease; the timing of treatment; the choice of medi-cations; drug interactions, side ef-fects, and resistance; and potential reinfection with other mycobacte-rium strains.