INTRODUCTION Adults can do many things to help protect their young children from vio-lence—that is, help children grow up so they are not likely to be violent,or to be victims of violence. Adults are more effective in teaching positivebehaviors and in responding to children if they know how children of different ages might think and act. For instance, if a parent understandsthat a 2-year old child has a very short attention span, they would notexpect him or her to stay seated quietly at a long church service. To besuccessful in teaching children positive nonviolent behaviors, adults needto take action based on what children are capable of understanding anddoing at different ages and stages of development. This document outlines important information, based on decades ofresearch, about children’s typical abilities and behaviors at various agesuntil age 8. What does “child development” mean? Child development is the unfolding sequence of physical, cognitive,social, and emotional changes that children undergo as they grow. The changes take place over time and they are influenced by a child’sunique biological makeup combined with the cultural, social, and physical factors in his or her particular culture, family, and communityenvironment.

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