While the name AJAX has only recently been coined, the underlying technologies (JavaScript a.k.a. ECMAScript, XML, SOAP, and so on) have been maturing for years. AJAX applications combine the rich UI experience of programmed clients (after all, AJAX means the UI logic is a JavaScript program) with the low-cost lifecycle management of web-based applications (no client installations or updates). Under AJAX, the relatively thinner layer of UI rendering logic is programmed in JavaScript and downloaded to the client, but the business logic remains on the server, where it is typically coded in Java, C#, PHP, C/C++, and so on―indeed any programming language with XML and web service bindings. The communication model between AJAX client and server accommodates the same rich interaction scenarios (including server push to the client) afforded by traditional client/server.