Music therapy, as defined by the American Music Therapy Association, is the scientific application of music, as directed by the music therapist in a thera-peutic environment, to influence changes in behavior. Such changes can enableindividuals to achieve a more appropriate adjustment to society and to improvetheir functioning in a community setting. As a member of the therapeutic or edu-cational team, the professional music therapist participates in the analysis of in-dividual problems and in the formulation of treatment or instructional objectivesbefore planning and carrying out specific musical activities. Music therapists are trained as both musicians and therapists, and work with people of all ages who have learning, behavioral, or physical disorders. Some ofthe clients served by music therapists include persons with mental, emotional,physical, or learning disabilities, as well as persons with hearing, speech, or vi-sual impairments. Throughout the music therapy program, music is used to assistpersons with disabilities in developing appropriate social skills, functional aca-demic skills, speech and language abilities, motor skills, daily living skills, andleisure skills. Music therapy applications appropriate to hospital and clinical set-tings are also studied. These applications include the incorporation of music instress-reduction, pain-management, physical rehabilitation, and counseling pro-grams.